Final Testing Nikon FE Digital

Test Results of CMOS Sensor Position in Nikon FE

The Sony sensor has been checked over and blueprinted to within 0.02 at all 4 corners. Undeveloped film is 0.13 thick so the tolerances are fairly tight. I see what Nikon mean when they say the Film Plane only has give or take 0.02mm max. These tiny differences make a big impact on lens focus. On the results I have it is looking pretty close. It is just difficult to get the micrometer into the rebate edge as the circuits are above it. Given the results today I wouldn't mind just taking another Bee's D off to see a slight improvement at F1.8. The other aperture settings look pretty good. But then I am no photographer so it will be interesting to see what you expert photographers think of the results. Feel free to criticise and cann them.

I have photographed some old cameras at distances of 600mm, 1500mm and 3500mm at various F stops. The speed was left up to the Nikon on Auto and ASA 200. The Sony Nex was set at ISO 200, 5 seconds time and default F1.0 with no lens. The Nikon split screen focus was on the middle of the self timer lever on the Leica. These photos are just to show that a sensor can be installed in a film SLR camera and get reasonable focus results. It won't compete with say a Canon 5D but there are some fun benefits to having the old SLR working again.

F1.8 1000th 600mm

F4  250th  600mm

  

F11  300th  1500mm

F8  400th infinity focus

F11  70th  infinity focus

That's all the blue printing of the sensor adjustment for now. I am pleased with the results and I hope you are too. Seeing as I have had success with fitting the sensor at the film plane position it is time to move on to fitting the remnants of the Sony to the Nikon back.

I have shelved the idea of keeping the Sony complete even though I spent a lot on the design of the extension cables. Instead I am going to fully dismantle it and see where on the Nikon back I can fit everything. Then design some sort of retro cover for it. This may have some benefits as I should be able to get the motherboard to see the circuit board (there are two little eyes that line up with the sensor that I figure make Live View work and the other may be it's auto focus). Live View might work when the Nikon is clicked at Bulb to open it's shutter so the Sony sensor can get a look at the view through the lens.

The main theme is to keep the Nikon as a film camera, so all that stuff in the Sony has to fit only on the film back so I can just swap it for a film back when required. I also want to use the digital back on my Nikon FE2.

Thanks for taking an interest. Feel free to comment below. I would appreciate your thoughts on the Focus. It still seems a little blurry in the distance at infinity so another tweak with the sandpaper might fix this.

YouTube video of this camera at  https://youtu.be/Ey1MW2_TJC4

Convert Film Camera to Digital - It Works!

Old 35mm Film Cameras can go Digital

Saturday 17th September 2016
I have spent half the day sanding down - remounting - testing, sanding down - remounting - testing, sanding down - remounting - testing. To eventually obtain focus on the cupboard knob at Nikon settings of Auto speed + F1:8 using a 1980 Nikon FE + Series E 50mm lens with a digital Sony Exmor 14mp APS-C cmos sensor now successfully mounted at the Film Plane.

Focus on door knob at F1.8 at approx 3.5 metres.
Sensor is almost at correct film plane.

My previous posts suggested that if the sensor was to come into contact with the film shutters, then they could be removed from the sensor and a replacement infra red filter could be mounted on the end of the lens. This was incorrect. The IR filter is attached to a thin lens plate. These two have an affect on focus. If removed the sensor has to be moved forward the equivalent distance to obtain focus. So it is a futile exercise thinking this will create space to adjust the sensor before it touches the camera shutters.

To overcome this I mounted the IR & Lens combo at the rear of an SP Tamron with an adaptall Nikon mount. This did work on retaining the same focus but the colour was washed out (probably as I had it round the wrong way).

I then studied the camera internally and could see that there was room behind the mirror to mount the IR & Lens combo against the shutter frame. Using a simple L shape frame of builders flashing with the filters mounted in the middle, this slips nicely in behind the mirror and does not foul any operation of the camera. Now I had a bare CMOS sensor with plenty of adjustment room to the shutters with the IR filters mounted just on the inside of the shutters that provide the necessary focus and infra red filtering.

Sensor IR Filter & Lens mounted in a L shaped frame.
This slips in neatly behind the mirror.

The sensor has a frame around it to keep the IR filter & lens above the sensor. Under this frame is a glass screen covering the sensor but this screen is 24.6mm wide. The width of the film rails is 24mm. The sensor could not be moved any closer unless this matter was resolved. I decided to not risk breaking the glass and felt that removing 0.4mm off the side of each film rail would make no difference to the camera being able to shoot film. It would just leave uneven edges if developed as prints - but who does that these days. All my developing involves scanning which crops the film as a neat rectangle anyway. So I filed each rail a bit thinner.

Now I had both plenty of depth to the shutter and width between rails to enable the sensor to move down into the film box rectangle. The sensor mount frame is a very hard plastic and I found the best way to reduce it was with plasterboard finishing sandpaper. After each sanding session I measured the small edges with a micrometer. Once all edges were near equal the sensor was reinstalled and tested. Where the focus disparage really shows up is at F1.8. I placed a chair with magazine copy 1 meter in front of my intended target and this helped identify that the focus was gradually coming closer after each adjustment session with the sandpaper.

Sensor adjusted for depth with filters removed.
Still good clearance from the shutters.

All SLR Cameras Possible
Even at the adjusted depth to the film plane, the hinges of the Nikon shutter do not touch the sensor. So now I can move the sensor into the centre. If they did touch the shutter then the sensor IR filter frame could be easily sanded down. This is a real winner for any film camera now. My Canon A1's have a depth to shutter of 2mm so now the  adjusted sensor will fit it also. If it fits both the Canon and Nikon then I will assume that this method will work for many film SLR cameras. The issue is no longer the sensor touching the shutter, but rather can the IR Filter/Lens combo be discreetly mounted behind the mirror against the inner frame of the shutters.

Lens Theory
As the Exmor CMOS sensor has the small frame to support the IR Filter/Lens a set distance away from the sensor, I theorise that by moving them to the other side of the shutter, so increasing the seperation distance, actually decreased the amount I had to remove from the sensor support to achieve the exact film plane mounting position.

Infra Red Photography
I experimented with removing the IR/Lens and just shooting with the bare sensor. These photos can be easily converted by Photoshop into stunning black and white. See this link. Mingthein Blog  But the focus is not correct without the IR/Lens and the sensor would need to be moved further in to compensate. However when shooting with no IR/Lens at smaller apertures the depth of field compensates the focus and the shots are reasonable. So it would be possible to take more off the sensor mounts to make it accurate focus for Infra Red photography and then add set height packers when shooting with the filters on for normal photography. The internal filter frame behind the mirror holds easily in situ with one piece of black tape and can be installed or removed in seconds. A set frame packer could be easy to make for the sensor adjustment. So the camera could be swapped from normal to IR photography in a minute or so. That's one up for film cameras compared to DSLR's.

Infra Red (in mono) when filter is removed.
Focus is not correct when IR/Lens are removed.

Focus accuracy is improved dramatically.
A bit more sanding and it will be accurate.

My next post will show a number of photos with the sensor correctly on the film plane. I will make them available for download in JPEG and RAW should you wish to check them in your software. By all means check the Exif files. They will read - Sony Nex - ISO 200 - F1.0 - Lens n/a - Speed 5 seconds. The Nikon FE took these photos not the the Sony.

As I have received a few enquiries as to how I am achieving this, once the camera is complete and mounted on the Nikon I will produce an informative manual in PDF explaining all the steps I took. This will save countless hours of work should you now be encouraged to take on this great project.

I can be contacted at email  Cross Over Cameras 

Please feel free to comment but keep it nice thanks.

Nikon FE Conversion Testing

Testing the Prototype

The quotes have come in for the extension cables. So before committing to this rather large cost, I felt it was more appropriate to set up a test table of components. The results from this would prove whether it was worth continuing.

In the photo below I have a Nikon FE with the digital back door clipped on. My previous post on this project shows the set up of the CMOS sensor inside the camera rear door. The Nex is lying face down with the connection cables plugged into the motherboard. Out the front of this is the LCD screen also plugged into the motherboard. The whole lot is held precariously in place with Tarzan tape so the delicate cables do not rip.

Nikon FE - Leitz Elmarit 28 - Dismembered Sony Nex

How it Works
The digital sensor is treated just like a film. The Nex is set at Manual - Lens recognition Off - ISO 200 (to match Nikon) - Speed 5 sec - F stop n/a.
Wind the FE on. Focus on subject. Speed on Auto. Set aperture.
Click the Nex as if taking a shot. Then take the shot with the Nikon.
5 sec later the Nex finishes the shot it thinks it took and processes the image onto the screen and the SD Card in JPEG or RAW or both.
Some good news on the LCD screen too. Even though the Nex is upside down and all the menu information is that way, when the image appears on the screen the Nex inverts it to the position of the camera.
Its a bit like the Nex just charges the film. The Nikon does all the real work to put the image on the electrified film. I do feel like I am using a real film camera - which it is.

Test Results
After a lot of work in setting this up and sorting out the positioning of the sensor, mounting location of camera, route for the new cabling and the designing / drawing of the PCB cables, it was pleasing to get some pretty good images on the first trial. Once the Nex is mounted to the Nikon, the process of taking a picture will be fairly straight forward. Here are the first results but clearly I have some adjustment to make on the position of the sensor as it is not at the correct film plane yet.

Nikon FE - Series E Lens 50mm - F22 @ 1/7th
Click image to expand.

Nikon FE - Series E Lens 50mm - F5.6 @ 1/125th

Analysis
So they look okay. But in both shots the focus was on the end corner pool fence post. Clearly the 2nd shot with little DOF has focused on the front plants. The sensor probably needs to move closer to the lens, but by how much is what will need to be worked out. With only 0.1mm clearance to the shutters now I am fearing that the sensor filters will need to be removed. This is not a project ender as an IR filter can be put on the front of the lens for a similar result. Also no IR filter makes for some great b&w. The photo below is infinity focused on the rear gumtree just left of centre. Same photo taken at F5.6 (not shown here) had the bushes in front in focus but the gumtree quite blurry. Yep there is more work to do!

Nikon FE - Series E Lens 50mm - F22 @ 1/15th

Summary
Some homework to do on establishing the correct film plane position. Please put a metal caliper up against your Nikon DSLR sensor and tell me the distance to the Lens mount. I'm joking of course!

Feel free to comment but please keep it nice.

Project 1 - Convert a Nikon FE to shoot Film & Digital

1980 Nikon FE to 15mp Digital

Update - Completed project at Youtube Nikon FE Digital

Rather than stripping the guts out of a digital camera to make a complex hybrid back, I am mounting the near complete Sony Nex with a 15mp APS/C sensor, on to a spare Nikon FE back. (Besides which, there is no way I can solder those small electronics.) This will retain the Nikon as a great film camera, or as a digital camera with a quick change over of the rear door. After trying various options this seems to be the best mounting position despite the screen being inverted. I only want the screen for the setup menu anyway. After that it will stay turned off.

The sensor is in position and is very close to the critical film plane to lens mount measurement. The biggest obstacle at present being the motherboard to sensor circuit board connections which need to be redesigned for shape and length. Work on this is proceeding slowly but with some positive signs despite the complexity and cost outlay. Actually this is costing way more than the purchase cost of both cameras combined.

The benefit of this experiment into the unknown is that if successful, the same removable back to the Nikon FE fits the other models of Nikon FE2, Nikon FM and Nikon FA. Maybe a few more, but this is all I am aware of at present.

A slightly used Nikon FE with front half of the Nex mounted.

Why do this?
I like the old film cameras of this era. The Canon A1's and Nikon FE's and FE2 that I own are a just superb machines to use. Shooting in film is difficult and challenging with black and white especially so. B&W is not too costly as I develop myself in Caffenol. But colour film is expensive to develop. So I thought it would be fun to have the best of both worlds, a great old camera that can shoot digital plus all those great old lenses put to use. Nikon FE & FE2 shots - Nikon FE  Nikon FE2

Economics
A few years ago this would not have been viable. But mirrorless cameras have been around for a while and there are 5 year old ones with the APS/C 15mp sensor. There is a heap of technology in a Sony Nex but as they age they become a throw away camera. Now you can buy all that technology for under $100 which is cheaper than a good Nikon FE. So it becomes an inexpensive project - if it works. A Nikon FE in 1980 was $300USD + 50mm lens $98 + Motor Drive $178 + Zoom lens $218. I reckon that money is worth $5,500 today. Gives these cameras a sense of worth. Check my Nikon FE night photos to see just how good they are at midnight pitch black photography on auto.

Sensor Mount
This seems to be the difficult part for any of the other conversion attempts found on google. The film plane to lens mount distance has to be near perfect. I think the tolerance for a Nikon FE is 0.02mm over 46.5mm. It is hard to ascertain just what the distance is from the lens mount to the cmos sensor face as there are some filters in the way plus the looped wire perimeter. However on the Nikon FE, FE2, FM & FA (maybe others) the shutter action is hinged on the side and the shutter works vertically. On the right side is the hinge mechanism. The APS/C sensor from the Nex when placed hard to the left gives room for the shutter hinge to work with the shutter curtains not touching the sensor filters. When I sat the sensor circuit board in place you would think it was made especially for the Nikon. Clearance from the shutter curtain of 0.10mm and the mounts for the circuit board fit exactly in between the outer film rails holding the sensor perfectly in position. My caliper measurements indicate I am really close to the 46.5mm. Only testing once it's working will confirm this. Will just have to allow for areas at the far right of the view finder will not be in the shot.

CMOS Sensor circuit board sits neatly between film rails.
There is still room for the shutter hinges to operate on the right side.

Sensor held in place with high strength tape.
Once shut the camera door holds it secure.

How it will Shoot - hopefully
I've already tested this through the open back of the Nikon and it works. First the Nex needs to have some presets done on the Settings Menu. Turn off nearly everything automatic. Autofocus Off. Lens recognition Off. Auto ISO Off, set it to say 400.
There are two options to shoot with.
Option 1: Set the Nex to Bulb. Hold on the Nex shutter button, take the photo with the Nikon, release the Nex button and the picture is processed.
Option 2: Set the Nex to say 10 seconds. Click the shutter button. Then take your time to focus and shoot the Nikon lets say at 1/250th F8 within 10 sec. The Nex closes it's shot and processes the picture.

Looks pretty Retro from the front with Nex just visible.

Next Project
Looking at the space inside the lower casing of the Nikon I think there is room for a microswitch that could be armed when the camera is cocked. If I can wire this on from a power source either from the Nikon or the Sony and fit a small actuator against the Sony shutter button then I may be able to syncronise the two cameras. If so the motor drive could be used. If I was good with electronics then it would be possible to wire it directly into the Sony Nex switch but the connections are tiny and I want to keep my projects as DIY & KISS.

Summary
I've stuck my neck out here posting all this before it's up and working but some of the above might be of interest to Nikon film camera owners who might offer some good tips. I am expecting to manufacture the prototype connection ribbons soon. If you have an interest in trying this project yourself and may require the connecting ribbons and detailed instructions of how I am doing all this then email me at Cross Over Cameras .

Update
Have received the gerber files for the new extension cables. The quotes so far are costly for a one off set but greatly reduced for quantity. So I will need some interest from other Nikon FE, FE2, FM and FA owners who would like to try this digital conversion too. My thoughts are to put this on Kickstarter to arrange extra funding which would cover having cables designed and produced for other Nex models and possibly other mirrorless cameras that would be suitable.

Cost Guide
As a rough estimate you could expect the following.
Extension cables and an easy to follow pdf manual. $50AUD
Sony Nex 5 14mp cameras can be purchased body only for around $100
See my basic tool guide on the Leica M3 post.

Hope you show some interest.
Feel free to comment but keep it constructive and nice. Thanks.